G1110 VTS 요원의 의사결정지원도구 활용 (요약·한영 대역)

IALA GUIDELINE G1110
USE OF DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS FOR VTS PERSONNEL

Edition 2.1, January 2022
urn:mrn:iala:pub:g1110:ed2.1

Revisions to this document are to be noted in the table prior to the issue of a revised document.

1. Introduction
  1.1 Purpose
  1.2 Relationship to other documents
2. Utilization of decision support tools
  2.1 General principles
  2.2 DST user perspective
  2.3 Alerts and indicators
    2.3.1 Emergency alarms · 2.3.2 Alarms · 2.3.3 Warnings · 2.3.4 Cautions
  2.4 Administration of decision support tools
  2.5 Operational requirements of decision support tools
  2.6 Training
3. Examples of when decision support tools may be used
4. Definitions
5. Abbreviations
6. References

List of Tables: Table 1 Examples of DST use
List of Figures: Figure 1 DST increasing alerts

According to IMO Resolution A.1158 (32) [1], a vessel traffic service (VTS) means a service implemented by a Government with the capability to interact with vessel traffic and respond to developing situations within a VTS area to improve the safety and efficiency of navigation, contribute to the safety of life at sea and support the protection of the environment.

Decision support tools (DST) are used to help enhance situational awareness and the decision-making process of VTS personnel by providing analysis and insight to developing or emergency situations, in real time, near real time and for long-term planning.

Due to the perpetually evolving nature of VTS related concepts and technologies, consideration should be given to the continual development and refinement of DSTs as appropriate to meet future needs.

The purpose of this Guideline is to assist authorities on the use of decision support tools to manage identified risks, enhance situational awareness, support VTS personnel providing timely and relevant information, monitoring and managing ship traffic and responding to developing unsafe situations.

This Guideline is associated with IALA Recommendation R0127 VTS Operations [5], a normative provision of IALA Standard S1040 Vessel Traffic Services [3]. To demonstrate compliance with the Recommendation, the provisions of this Guideline need to be implemented.

Depending on the needs of the VTS provider, DSTs may require user interaction to fully realize the capabilities of the DST or may be set to run autonomously until the set parameters trigger an alert for the VTSO to attend to.

The operational procedures of the VTS should clarify the use of DST according to the local environment of the VTS area.

The DST can be implemented during or after the establishment of VTS, and if necessary, should be based on the outcome of a formal risk assessment.

DSTs may be implemented in different ways and with differing levels of complexity. In general, DSTs provide assistance to the VTS operator by integrating a mechanism to alert the operator in real time or near real time to bring awareness and the opportunity to take action where and if required.

In some situations, a DST may provide some suggestions regarding an appropriate course of action. These suggestions may be based on pre-defined solutions, previously agreed between the VTS provider and the DST provider or may be based on machine learning of previous similar situations. It will be for the VTS personnel to decide whether, or not, to make use of such suggestions.

The DST may also prompt the VTS operator for additional input in order to help derive a solution to a current situation. This may be based on pre-defined questions that will help to guide the VTS operator's thought process or based on machine learning of previous similar situations.

Long term planning of DSTs involves the implementation of defined Operational Procedures within a VTS system in order that the DSTs are correctly configured to address identified risk situations within the VTS area.

The use of different levels of alerts could increase the situational awareness for VTS operators. In accordance with IALA Recommendation R0125, The Use and Presentation of Symbology at a VTS Centre [4], it is recommended that the terminology used for alerts (alarm, warning and caution) reflects the maritime standards contained in IMO Resolution A.1021(26) Code on alerts and indicators [2] unless particular local circumstances require otherwise.

The increasing levels of alerts provided by the DST are emergency alarm, alarm, warning and caution (Figure 1).

Figure 1 DST increasing alerts

For conditions which indicate immediate danger to human life, vessels or the environment that require the immediate initiation of emergency procedures, the DST should provide emergency alarms. Emergency alarm alerts may remain after acknowledgement indicating the alert situation still exists, until the alert parameters are no longer detected.

Example of emergency alarm:
"Vessel is not able to avoid shallow water."

For conditions requiring immediate attention and immediate interaction, the DST should provide an alarm. Alarms are presented to make the VTS personnel aware of a situation that requires an immediate response. Alarm alerts may remain after acknowledgement indicating the alert situation still exists, until the alert parameters are no longer detected.

Example of alarm:
"Vessel approaching shallow water with minimum time and manoeuvring space to avoid shallow water."

For conditions requiring immediate attention, but not immediate interaction, the DST should provide a warning. Warnings are presented for precautionary reasons to make the VTS personnel aware of changed conditions which are not immediately hazardous but may become hazardous if no action is taken. These warning alerts may disappear once the alert has been acknowledged.

Example of warning:
"Vessel approaching shallow water with sufficient manoeuvring space to avoid shallow water."

In a routine condition, the DST should provide a caution alert. A caution alert is a condition of awareness which does not warrant an alarm or warning condition, but still requires attention out of the ordinary consideration of the situation or of given information.

Example of caution:
"Speed vector gives basic information which can be set by the VTS personnel."

Administrator functionalities should be provided to authorized users to enable the adjustment of alert thresholds and management of other pre-determined requirement parameters. Alert parameters should be set at levels appropriate to support the goals of the VTS service, being careful to avoid excessive notifications that may cause operator fatigue, distraction, and other factors that may negatively impact overall safety and efficiency.

Management reports may be generated from alert statistics and/or VTSO actions for analysis.

DSTs may be based upon real-time, near real-time and long-term planning assessment of risks associated with navigational safety and efficiency and the prediction of traffic situations. The DST should:

• provide alerts and indicators (audible and / or visible);
• reduce the workload;
• enhance efficiency;
• be accurate and in real time;
• be configurable with local VTS operational procedures;
• facilitate the result-oriented decision making by VTS personnel in accordance with the purpose of the VTS;
• use the available data to predict future situations;
• comply with IALA Recommendation R0125 The use and presentation of Symbology at a VTS Centre [4]; and
• have recording capability.

When the risk level exceeds a pre-defined threshold, the VTSO may be advised of the recommended risk mitigation options.

The VTS provider should ensure that VTS personnel are adequately trained in the use of DSTs.

General training on the general principles of types and common uses of DSTs should be provided in IALA Model Course C0103-1 VTS Operator Training (V103/1) [6].

Specific training on the use and application of DSTs within specific VTS centres should be provided as a component of IALA Model Course C0103-3 VTS On-the-Job Training (V103/3) [7]. Additionally, further training should be provided when new DSTs are introduced, or modifications are made to existing DSTs and covered within C0103-5 Revalidation Process for VTS Qualification and Certification (V103/5) [8].

Emphasis should be given on the inputs and limitations of the DSTs.

The following table provides examples of where DSTs may assist in ensuring the safety and efficiency of navigation, through route and traffic management, monitoring and protection of assets, environmental and fairway monitoring, incident response and anomaly detection.

The table demonstrates the harmonized relationship between the pre-requisites necessary for the alert to work, the type of alert which may be appropriate and the user interface for each use case. These are further categorized according to whether they are deemed long term planning, near real-time or real-time, which indicates how the system may be used for analysis to identify risks, quantify throughput, and adjust operational procedures as well as real-time incident and situational awareness.

The definitions of terms used in this Guideline can be found in the International Dictionary of Marine Aids to Navigation (IALA Dictionary) and were checked as correct at the time of going to print. Where conflict arises, the IALA Dictionary should be considered as the authoritative source of definitions used in IALA documents.

In addition, for this document, the following definitions apply:

Alarm: A high priority alert requiring immediate attention and action (IMO Res. A.1021(26)).

Alert: An announcement of abnormal situations and conditions requiring attentions (IMO Res. A.1021(26)).

Caution: Lowest priority of an alert. Awareness of a condition which does not warrant an alarm or warning condition, but still requires attention out of the ordinary consideration of the situation or of given information (IMO Res. A.1021(26)).

Decision-maker: A person or group authorized to make decisions.

Decision support tool (DST): A tool to assist the decision-maker at an operational, tactical and strategic level. This may be in real-time or at a tactical or strategic level.

Emergency alarm: Highest priority of an alert. Alarms which indicate immediate danger to human life or to the ship and its machinery exits and require immediate action (IMO Res. A.1021(26)).

Long term planning: Refers to the action of analysing currently available information to proactively manage predicted future events.

Near real-time: Refers to predictions of developing situations.

Real-time: Refers to the immediate action taken to respond to current or developing situations.

Warning: Condition requiring immediate attention, but not immediate action (IMO Res. A.1021(26)).

1. IMO. Resolution A.1158(32) Guidelines for Vessel Traffic Services
2. IMO. Resolution A.1021(26) Code on Alerts and Indicators
3. IALA. Standard S1040 Vessel Traffic Services
4. IALA. Recommendation R0125 (V-125) The Use and Presentation of Symbology at a VTS Centre
5. IALA. Recommendation R0127 (V-127) VTS Operations
6. IALA. Model Course C0103-1 VTS Operator Training (V103/1)
7. IALA. Model Course C0103-3 VTS On-the-Job Training (V103/3)
8. IALA. Model Course C0103-5 Revalidation Process for VTS Qualification and Certification (V103/5)